This section deals with the display of results from the MMID4 model. Five types of results are available: heterogeneity (Section 3.5.2), outflow concentrations (Section 3.5.3), tissue contents or residues (Section 3.5.4), residuals (Section 3.5.5), and user defined parameter expressions (Section 3.5.6). The final part of this section deals with errors and messages related to display of results.
The parameters that contain the heterogeneity results are shown in the Flow
heterogeneity results window.
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See Section 3.3.2 for the definitions of the parameters shown in Fig. 3.24
The Flow histogram parameters and the Pathway flows and weights are loaded with single values at the end of the simulation run. The Heterogeneity plot outputs that have a shaded field background are dynamic parameters that are set at each step of the model solution. Scaling and display of these outputs are discussed in Section 3.3.2.
Introduction
The parameters that control and contain the tracer concentrations are shown in
Table 3.3. Tracer concentrations at the inlet and outlet of the organ and at the
outlet of individual operators are available.
| Name | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Cin_v | Organ inflow concentration: | vascular tracer |
| Cin_e | extracellular tracer | |
| Cin_p | permeant tracer | |
| Cout_v | Organ outflow concentration: | vascular tracer |
| Cout_e | extracellular tracer | |
| Cout_p | permeant tracer | |
| Path selection button | Path selector for outflow concentrations: all paths or one selected path | |
| C_tube_i_v | Outflow concentration: | Inlet tubing (vascular) |
| C_tube_i_e | Inlet tubing (extracellular) | |
| C_tube_i_p | Inlet tubing (permeant) | |
| C_art_v | Artery (vascular) | |
| C_art_e | Artery (extracellular) | |
| C_art_p | Artery (permeant) | |
| C_artl_v | Arteriole (vascular) | |
| C_artl_e | Arteriole (extracellular) | |
| C_artl_p | Arteriole (permeant) | |
| C_cap_v | Capillary (vascular) | |
| C_cap_e | Capillary (extracellular) | |
| C_cap_p | Capillary (permeant) | |
| C_venl_v | Venule (vascular) | |
| C_venl_e | Venule (extracellular) | |
| C_venl_p | Venule (permeant) | |
| C_ven_v | Vein (vascular) | |
| C_ven_e | Vein (extracellular) | |
| C_ven_p | Vein (permeant) | |
| C_tube_o_v | Outlet tubing (vascular) | |
| C_tube_o_e | Outlet tubing (extracellular) | |
| C_tube_o_p | Outlet tubing (permeant) | |
Organ inflow concentrations
Parameters Cin_v, Cin_e and Cin_p contain the inflow concentrations for the three tracers. These concentrations result from the input function generation discussed in Section 3.2 and are delivered to the upstream end of the inlet tubing.
Organ outflow concentrations
Parameters Cout_v, Cout_e and Cout_p contain the outflow concentrations for
the three tracers. These concentrations are measured at the downstream end of
the outlet tubing.
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Outflow concentrations by path
Concentrations of the three tracers at the outlet of individual circulatory components are available in the Concentrations by region window (Parameters:
Model outputs> Concentrations by region).
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For the arterioles, capillaries, and venules, the concentrations along a single pathway or the average concentration over all pathways are available. This choice is controlled by the Path selection button. The path selection status does not, of course, affect the inlet tubing, artery, vein, or outlet tubing. Note that the outlet tubing concentration is the same as the organ outflow for that tracer.
Introduction
The amount of tracer in the organ, or region of the organ, is denoted by the letter Q (quantity). In MMID4, all residues are calculated by integrating the inflow and outflow curves from the submodels
.
Q for a region that includes several submodels is obtained by adding the individual Q's.
The parameters that control and contain the tracer residues are shown in
Table 3.4.
| Name | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Q_v | Whole organ residue: | vascular tracer |
| Q_e | extracellular tracer | |
| Q_p | permeant tracer | |
| Q_tube_i_v | Pathway residue: | Inlet tubing (vascular) |
| Q_tube_i_e | Inlet tubing (extracellular) | |
| Q_tube_i_p | Inlet tubing (permeant) | |
| Q_art_v | Artery (vascular) | |
| Q_art_e | Artery (extracellular) | |
| Q_art_p | Artery (permeant) | |
| Q_artl_v | Arteriole (vascular) | |
| Q_artl_e | Arteriole (extracellular) | |
| Q_artl_p | Arteriole (permeant) | |
| Q_cap_v | Capillary (vascular) | |
| Q_cap_e | Capillary (extracellular) | |
| Q_cap_p | Capillary (permeant) | |
| Q_venl_v | Venule (vascular) | |
| Q_venl_e | Venule (extracellular) | |
| Q_venl_p | Venule (permeant) | |
| Q_ven_v | Vein (vascular) | |
| Q_ven_e | Vein (extracellular) | |
| Q_ven_p | Vein (permeant) | |
| Q_tube_o_v | Outlet tubing (vascular) | |
| Q_tube_o_e | Outlet tubing (extracellular) | |
| Q_tube_o_p | Outlet tubing (permeant) |
Whole organ residues
The whole organ residues for the three tracers are Q_v, Q_e and Q_p, which
can be viewed in Parameters: Model outputs> Tracer contents.
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The example shown in Fig. 3.28 contains only the actual vasculature in the whole organ residue calculation, since the contents of both the inlet and the outlet tubing have been turned off.
Pathway residues
The amounts of the three tracers in individual circulatory components are
available in the Contents by region window (Parameters: Model outputs>
Contents by region).
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For the arterioles, capillaries, and venules, the amounts in a single pathway or the total in all pathways are available. This choice is controlled by the path selection button, which does not, of course, affect the values reported for the inlet tubing, artery, vein, or outlet tubing.
Introduction
In contrast to residue curves, residuals are the difference between a model curve and a data curve:
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Note that the residuals are not normalized and may be either positive or negative. Values of the residual are only calculated at each point in the data curve.
Residual curve parameters
To create a residual curve graph (Fig. 3.30, top), first make sure that a reference data TAC file has already been loaded into XSIM, then select Residuals
config from the Model pull-down menu. Fill in the desired reference data curve
name(s) and the parameter name(s) that you wish to compare (Fig. 3.31), and
enter `1' for the point weights and TAC weights if equal weighting is desired
(See section 8.2.4 of the Interface Reference Manual for a discussion of
weighting options). Click on the Residuals button in the main window and a
Residual Plot window should appear.
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User defined expressions of parameters may be plotted in either of the plot area
windows. For example, the parameter of Cout_v in the previous section may be
scaled by 0.5, and offset from zero by 0.1, as in Fig. 3.32. See Appendix B of
the XSIM manual for a listing of the expressions evaluator constants and functions.
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If a constant will be used repeatedly and/or often, a scalar may be useful.
The set of scalars are simply a set of parameters that are not tied to the model,
but can be set like any other parameter, either by entering a value directly or by
slaving the scalar to another parameter in the eval field. Scalars are accessed
from the Parameters pull-down menu.
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In the example of Fig. 3.33, scalar1 has been set to 0.5. One could substitute `scalar1' for 0.5 in the Y parameter field shown in figure 3.8, making the equation Cout_v*scalar1+0.1. This scalar could then be optimized on by placing scalar1 in the parameters to vary section of the optimization config window.
Also shown in Fig. 3.33 is an example of using the eval field to make scalar4 equal the ratio of extracellular PSg to flow, Fp.
[TO BE DEVELOPED]
Copyright © 1998,
National Simulation Resource, University of Washington.
Last modified 04:13pm PST, February 25, 1998.