TranspMM.2sol2sided.Distrib2F

Two region capillary-tissue exchange model with both passive and Michaelis-Menton (MM) transport of two solutes with MM reaction of A to B in interstitial fluid region.

Model number: 0025

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This is a two solute (A and B), one-dimensional, two region convection-permeation- diffusion-reaction model. The plasma region has flow, Fp, volume Vp, first order consumption, GpA and GpB, axial diffusion coefficients, DpA and DpB, and two exchange mechanisms between the plasma and interstitial fluid(isf) regions: a passive exchange process governed by PSg through the interendothelial clefts, and a Michaelis-Menten membrane 2-sided competitive transport process for both solutes in both regions. The parameter units are physiological, that is, "per gram of tissue" to facilitate using this model to represent a homogenously perfused organ.

The (isf) region has volume Visf, first order consumption, GisfA and GisfB, axial diffusion coefficients, DisfA and DisfB, the two exchange mechanisms already mentioned, and a Michaelis-Menten conversion of Aisf to Bisf, governed by Ga2b and Kma2b.

Relevant Equations

${ PS_{c}} = {\frac{\it PS_{cmax}} {\left( 1+{\frac {{\it A_p} +{\it A_{isf}}}{{\it Km_A}}}+{\frac {{\it B_p}+{\it B_{isf}} }{{\it Km_B}}} \right) }$

${\frac {\partial {\it A_p}}{\partial t}} = {\frac {-{\it F_p}\cdot L\cdot {\it {\frac {\partial {\it A_p}}{\partial x}}}} {{\it V_p}}} -{\frac {\left({\it PS_g}+{\it PS_c}\right) \cdot \left({\it A_p}-{\it A_{isf}}\right)}{{\it V_p}}} - {\frac {G_{pA} \cdot A_{p}}{V_{p}}} +{\it D_{pA}}\cdot {\it {\frac {\partial ^{2}{\it A_p}}{\partial {x}^{2}}}}$

${\frac {\partial {\it A_{isf}}}{\partial t}} =\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, {\frac {\left({\it PS_g}+{\it PS_c}\right) \cdot \left({\it A_p}-{\it A_{isf}}\right)}{{\it V_{isf}}}} - {\frac {G_{isfA} \cdot A_{isf}}{V_{isf}}} - {\frac {G_{a2b} \cdot A_{isf}}{V_{isf} \cdot (1 + A_{isf}/Km_{a2b} )}} +{\it D_{isfA}}\cdot {\it {\frac {\partial ^{2}{\it A_isf}}{\partial {x}^{2}}}}$

${\frac {\partial {\it B_p}}{\partial t}} = {\frac {-{\it F_p}\cdot L\cdot {\it {\frac {\partial {\it B_p}}{\partial x}}}} {{\it V_p}}} -{\frac {\left({\it PS_g}+{\it PS_c}\right) \cdot \left({\it B_p}-{\it B_{isf}}\right)}{{\it V_p}}} - {\frac {G_{pB} \cdot B_{p}}{V_{p}}} +{\it D_{pB}}\cdot {\it {\frac {\partial ^{2}{\it B_p}}{\partial {x}^{2}}}}$

${\frac {\partial {\it B_{isf}}}{\partial t}} =\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, {\frac {\left({\it PS_g}+{\it PS_c}\right) \cdot \left({\it B_p}-{\it B_{isf}}\right)}{{\it V_{isf}}}} - {\frac {G_{isfB} \cdot B_{isf}}{V_{isf}}} + {\frac {G_{a2b} \cdot A_{isf}}{V_{isf} \cdot (1 + A_{isf}/Km_{a2b} )}} +{\it D_{isfB}}\cdot {\it {\frac {\partial ^{2}{\it B_isf}}{\partial {x}^{2}}}}$

The equations for this model may also be viewed by running the JSim model applet and clicking on the Source tab at the bottom left of JSim's Run Time graphical user interface. The equations are written in JSim's Mathematical Modeling Language (MML). See the Introduction to MML and the MML Reference Manual. Additional documentation for MML can be found by using the search option at the Physiome home page.

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References

  Sangren WC and Sheppard CW. A mathematical derivation of the 
exchange of a labeled substance between a liquid flowing in a 
vessel and an external compartment. Bull Math Biophys 15: 387-394, 1953
(This gives an analytic solution for the two-region model.)

  Goresky CA, Ziegler WH, and Bach GG. Capillary exchange modeling:  
Barrier-limited and flow-limited distribution. Circ Res 27: 739-764, 1970.
(This gives another derivation of the analytical form, and uses the model in
both single and multicapillary models.

  Bassingthwaighte JB. A concurrent flow model for extraction 
during transcapillary passage. Circ Res 35: 483-503, 1974.
(This gives numerical solutions, which are faster than the analytic solutions,
and imbeds the model in an organ with tissue volums conserved, and with arteries
and veins. The original Lagrangian sliding fluid element model with diffusion.)

  Guller B, Yipintsoi T, Orvis AL, and Bassingthwaighte JB. Myocardial 
sodium extraction at varied coronary flows in the dog: Estimation of 
capillary permeability by residue and outflow detection. 
Circ Res 37: 359-378, 1975.
(Application to sodium exchange in the heart.)

  Goresky CA. Hepatic membrane carrier transport processes:  Their involvement 
in bilirubin uptake. In: Chemistry and Physiology of Bile Pigments. 
Washington, D.C.: Publishing House U.S. Government, 1977, p. 265-281.

  Silverman M and Goresky CA. A unified kinetic hypothesis of carrier-mediated 
transport:  Its applications. Biophys J 5: 487-509, 1965.

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Key Terms

transporter, Michaelis-Menten, capillary-tissue exchange, axial gradients, solute-solute competition, permeability surface area, BTEX spatially distributed, convection, diffusion reaction, tutorial

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Acknowledgements

Please cite www.physiome.org in any publication for which this software is used and send one reprint to the address given below:
The National Simulation Resource, Director J. B. Bassingthwaighte, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195-5061.

[This page was last modified 16Jul10, 12:48 pm.]

Model development and archiving support at physiome.org provided by the following grants: NIH/NIBIB BE08407 Software Integration, JSim and SBW 6/1/09-5/31/13; NIH/NHLBI T15 HL88516-01 Modeling for Heart, Lung and Blood: From Cell to Organ, 4/1/07-3/31/11; NSF BES-0506477 Adaptive Multi-Scale Model Simulation, 8/15/05-7/31/08; NIH/NHLBI R01 HL073598 Core 3: 3D Imaging and Computer Modeling of the Respiratory Tract, 9/1/04-8/31/09; as well as prior support from NIH/NCRR P41 RR01243 Simulation Resource in Circulatory Mass Transport and Exchange, 12/1/1980-11/30/01 and NIH/NIBIB R01 EB001973 JSim: A Simulation Analysis Platform, 3/1/02-2/28/07.